PLC編程算法(一)
1、開(kāi)關(guān)量也稱(chēng)邏輯量，指僅有兩個(gè)取值，0或1、ON或OFF。它是最常用的控制，對(duì)它進(jìn)行控制是PLC的優(yōu)勢(shì)，也是PLC最基本的應(yīng)用。
開(kāi)關(guān)量控制的目的是，根據(jù)開(kāi)關(guān)量的當(dāng)前輸入組合與歷史的輸入順序，使PLC產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的開(kāi)關(guān)量輸出，以使系統(tǒng)能按一定的順序工作。所以，有時(shí)也稱(chēng)其為順序控制。
而順序控制又分為手動(dòng)、半自動(dòng)或自動(dòng)。而采用的控制原則有分散、集中與混合控制三種。
2、模擬量是指一些連續(xù)變化的物理量，如電壓、電流、壓力、速度、流量等。
PLC是由繼電控制引入微處理技術(shù)后發(fā)展而來(lái)的，可方便及可靠地用于開(kāi)關(guān)量控制。由于模擬量可轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量，數(shù)字量只是多位的開(kāi)關(guān)量，故經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換后的模擬量，PLC也完全可以可靠的進(jìn)行處理控制。
由于連續(xù)的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程常有模擬量，所以模擬量控制有時(shí)也稱(chēng)過(guò)程控制。
模擬量多是非電量，而PLC只能處理數(shù)字量、電量。所有要實(shí)現(xiàn)它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)換要有傳感器，把模擬量轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)電量。如果這一電量不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，還要經(jīng)過(guò)變送器，把非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電量變成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電信號(hào)，如4—20mA、1—5V、0—10V等等。
同時(shí)還要有模擬量輸入單元(A/D)，把這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電信號(hào)變換成數(shù)字信號(hào);模擬量輸出單元(D/A)，以把PLC處理后的數(shù)字量變換成模擬量——標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電信號(hào)。
所以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電信號(hào)、數(shù)字量之間的轉(zhuǎn)換就要用到各種運(yùn)算。這就需要搞清楚模擬量單元的分辨率以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電信號(hào)。例如：
PLC模擬單元的分辨率是1/32767，對(duì)應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電量是0—10V，所要檢測(cè)的是溫度值0—100℃。那么0—32767對(duì)應(yīng)0—100℃的溫度值。然后計(jì)算出1℃所對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)字量是327.67。如果想把溫度值精確到0.1℃，把327.67/10即可。
模擬量控制包括：反饋控制、前饋控制、比例控制、模糊控制等。這些都是PLC內(nèi)部數(shù)字量的計(jì)算過(guò)程。
3、脈沖量是其取值總是不斷的在0(低電平)和1(高電平)之間交替變化的數(shù)字量。每秒鐘脈沖交替變化的次數(shù)稱(chēng)為頻率。
PLC脈沖量的控制目的主要是位置控制、運(yùn)動(dòng)控制、軌跡控制等。例如：脈沖數(shù)在角度控制中的應(yīng)用。步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器的細(xì)分是每圈10000，要求步進(jìn)電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)90度。那么所要?jiǎng)幼鞯拿}沖數(shù)值=10000/(360/90)=2500。
PLC編程算法(二)——模擬量的計(jì)算
1、-10—10V。-10V—10V的電壓時(shí)，在6000分辨率時(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)換為F448—0BB8Hex(-3000—3000);12000分辨率時(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)換為E890—1770Hex(-6000—6000)。
2、0—10V。0—10V的電壓時(shí)，在12000分辨率時(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)換為0—1770Hex(0—6000);12000分辨率時(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)換為0—2EE0Hex(0—12000)。
3、0—20mA。0—20mA的電流時(shí)，在6000分辨率時(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)換為0—1770Hex(0—6000);12000分辨率時(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)換為0—2EE0Hex(0—12000)。
4、4—20mA。4—20mA的電流時(shí)，在6000分辨率時(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)換為0—1770Hex(0—6000);12000分辨率時(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)換為0—2EE0Hex(0—12000)。
以上僅做簡(jiǎn)單的介紹，不同的PLC有不同的分辨率，并且您所測(cè)量物理量實(shí)現(xiàn)的量程不一樣。計(jì)算結(jié)果可能有一定的差異。
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Siemens TP 070 6AV6545-5AD00-0BP0
Beckhoff CP7901-0021-0000
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St?ber Servomotor ED401UROS140
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mayr ROBA-topstop Sicherheitsbremse P3107148 8210127
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Baldor RelianceXE 3 Ph.Drehstrommotor P18G4924
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Schneider electric Lexium ILE ILE1B661PC1A4
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Schmersal ASInterface SLC440AS-E-0330-14
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Rexroth Indramat HDS03.2-W075N-H
KEBA E-10-ANALOG
MOOG T161 Controller T161-902 A-10-E5-2-9A Typ: T161-802
Grundfos MAGNA 32-120 FN 220 96513643
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Bosch Servo Drive Modul Typ SM 35/70 047824-311
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Rexroth A1VO018DRS0C200/10MRVK2P3100981444*EW*& R902537244
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Lenze MDFKABS080-22
Wenglor SG2-30IS105C1
SEW EURODRIVE SA47/T DRS71S4/IS
Rexroth AGK-020-NN-1 R040556223
Festo MSB9-1:17:18:L2-WP
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PHILIPS PHOSPHOR Vision Processor 4022 251 0012 D 001327
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KEYENCE LS-3100W
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Siemens Teleperm 6DS1603-8BA
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Siemens Sitrans P 7MF4320-1FA02-1AD1-Z
Wittenstein TPM 010-091K-600P-BP1-015IFSTD
E+L Erhardt+Leimer CV 0203
Kollmorgen Seidel Servostar S60300-PB
Sick S32B-3011BA
Baumüller BUS21-30/60-31-020
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Beckhoff AX2010 S61000-520
VAHLE SMG-SES202 0955111
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ANGEBOT?Gestra NRG 26-21
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IEI Technology RPC-6010GW/T-R.ACE-9 35AL-RS
LTi Drives LSH-074-2-30-320/T1.1R
Leuze electronic Compact CT50-1050/A
INDRAMAT DDS02.1-W025-RS01-03-FW
SEW Eurodrive MCH42A0150-503-4-0T
INDRAMAT DDS02.1-W100-D
Siemens 1FK7060-5AF71-1KV5-Z
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