供應(yīng)SJ-PF7.5-01;
SJ-PF7.5-01。
數(shù)控機床的組成:
數(shù)控機床的基本組成包括加工程序載體、數(shù)控裝置、伺服驅(qū)動裝置、機床主體和其他輔助裝置。下面分別對各組成部分的基本工作原理進行概要說明。
1.加工程序載體
數(shù)控機床工作時,不需要工人直接去操作機床,要對數(shù)控機床進行控制,必須編制加工程序。零件加工程序中,包括機床上刀具和工件的相對運動軌跡、工藝參數(shù)(進給量主軸轉(zhuǎn)速等)和輔助運動等。將零件加工程序用一定的格式和代碼,存儲在一種程序載體上,如穿孔紙帶、盒式磁帶、軟磁盤等,通過數(shù)控機床的輸入裝置,將程序信息輸入到CNC單元。
2.?dāng)?shù)控裝置
數(shù)控裝置是數(shù)控機床的核心。現(xiàn)代數(shù)控裝置均采用CNC(Computer Numerical Control)形式,這種CNC裝置一般使用多個微處理器,以程序化的軟件形式實現(xiàn)數(shù)控功能,因此又稱軟件數(shù)控(Software NC)。CNC系統(tǒng)是一種位置控制系統(tǒng),它是根據(jù)輸入數(shù)據(jù)插補出理想的運動軌跡,然后輸出到執(zhí)行部件加工出所需要的零件。因此,數(shù)控裝置主要由輸入、處理和輸出三個基本部分構(gòu)成。而所有這些工作都由計算機的系統(tǒng)程序進行合理地組織,使整個系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)地進行工作。
(1)輸入裝置 將數(shù)控指令輸入給數(shù)控裝置,根據(jù)程序載體的不同,相應(yīng)有不同的輸入裝置。目前主要有鍵盤輸入、磁盤輸入、CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)直接通信方式輸入和連接上級計算機的DNC(直接數(shù)控)輸入,現(xiàn)仍有不少系統(tǒng)還保留有光電閱讀機的紙帶輸入形式。
1)紙帶輸入方式。可用紙帶光電閱讀機讀入零件程序,直接控制機床運動,也可以將紙帶內(nèi)容讀入存儲器,用存儲器中儲存的零件程序控制機床運動。
2)MDI手動數(shù)據(jù)輸入方式。操作者可利用操作面板上的鍵盤輸入加工程序的指令,它適用于比較短的程序。
在控制裝置編輯狀態(tài)(EDIT)下,用軟件輸入加工程序,并存入控制裝置的存儲器中,這種輸入方法可重復(fù)使用程序。一般手工編程均采用這種方法。
在具有會話編程功能的數(shù)控裝置上,可按照顯示器上提示的問題,選擇不同的菜單,用人機對話的方法,輸入有關(guān)的尺寸數(shù)字,就可自動生成加工程序。
3)采用DNC直接數(shù)控輸入方式。把零件程序保存在上級計算機中,CNC系統(tǒng)一邊加工一邊接收來自計算機的后續(xù)程序段。DNC方式多用于采用CAD/CAM軟件設(shè)計的復(fù)雜工件并直接生成零件程序的情況。
(2)信息處理 輸入裝置將加息傳給CNC單元,編譯成計算機能識別的信息,由信息處理部分按照控制程序的規(guī)定,逐步存儲并進行處理后,通過輸出單元發(fā)出位置和速度指令給伺服系統(tǒng)和主運動控制部分。CNC系統(tǒng)的輸入數(shù)據(jù)包括:零件的輪廓信息(起點、終點、直線、圓弧等)、加工速度及其他輔助加息(如換刀、變速、冷卻液開關(guān)等) ,數(shù)據(jù)處理的目的是完成插補運算前的準備工作。數(shù)據(jù)處理程序還包括刀具半徑補償、速度計算及輔助功能的處理等。
(3)輸出裝置 輸出裝置與伺服機構(gòu)相聯(lián)。輸出裝置根據(jù)控制器的命令接受運算器的輸出脈沖,并把它送到各坐標的伺服控制系統(tǒng),經(jīng)過功率放大,驅(qū)動伺服系統(tǒng),從而控制機床按規(guī)定要求運動。
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注:聯(lián)系我時,請說是在“傲立機床網(wǎng)”上看到的,謝謝!